The quotes from Turing below that are combined with my commentary are from this article. Turing’s work “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” 30 was groundbreaking in his looking toward the future of how we can understand and deal with increasingly capable machines. In 2009, following an Internet campaign, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown made an official public apology on behalf of the British government for "the appalling way he was treated." Queen Elizabeth II granted him a posthumous pardon in 2013. An inquest determined his death as suicide, but it has been noted that the known evidence is also consistent with accidental poisoning.
Turing died in 1954, 16 days before his 42nd birthday, from cyanide poisoning. He accepted chemical castration treatment, with DES, as an alternative to prison. Turing was prosecuted in 1952 for homosexual acts, when by the Labouchere Amendment, "gross indecency" was still criminal in the UK.
He wrote a paper on the chemical basis of morphogenesis, and predicted oscillating chemical reactions such as the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, first observed in the 1960s. In 1948 Turing joined Max Newman's Computing Machine Laboratory at the Victoria University of Manchester, where he helped develop the Manchester computers and became interested in mathematical biology. Turing played a pivotal role in cracking intercepted coded messages that enabled the Allies to defeat the Nazis in many crucial engagements, including the Battle of the Atlantic it has been estimated that this work shortened the war in Europe by more than two years and saved over fourteen million lives.Īfter the war, he worked at the National Physical Laboratory, where he designed the ACE, among the first designs for a stored-program computer.
He devised a number of techniques for speeding the breaking of German ciphers, including improvements to the pre-war Polish bombe method, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine. For a time he led Hut 8, the section responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.ĭuring the Second World War, Turing worked for the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre. He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose computer.
\)Īlan Mathison Turing OBE FRS (/ˈtjʊərɪŋ/ 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and theoretical biologist.
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